What characterizes a ring topology?

A ring topology is characterized by each node connecting to exactly two other nodes, forming a circular pathway for data transmission. In this layout, the nodes are arranged such that data travels in one direction around the ring. Each node acts as a repeater by receiving data and passing it on to the next node in the path. This setup is notable for its simplicity and the ease of adding or removing nodes without disrupting the entire network, as long as the ring is maintained.

This structure also has implications for data integrity and network reliability; if one node fails, it can disrupt the entire network unless a bypass mechanism is implemented. In contrast to other topologies, such as star or bus configurations, where data might flow through a central point or along a single line, the ring topology's unique characteristic of each node connecting specifically to two neighbors forms the basis of its function and helps differentiate it from alternative network arrangements.