What is spoofing in the context of computer networks?

Spoofing in the context of computer networks refers to the act of imitating a trusted host or device in order to deceive users or systems into believing the communication is legitimate. This technique is often used by attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information, manipulate data, or exploit vulnerabilities within a network. By masquerading as a trusted entity, the attacker can trick users into providing personal information, passwords, or financial details, as they may not realize they are communicating with an impostor.

For example, email spoofing is a common technique where the sender's address is forged to make it appear as if the message is coming from someone the recipient knows and trusts, leading them to take actions they otherwise wouldn’t have. This is a significant security threat, as it undermines the integrity of trust relationships that are essential for secure communications in any networked environment.