Which networking protocols are used primarily in Novell NetWare operating systems?

The use of IPX/SPX as the primary networking protocols in Novell NetWare operating systems is due to their design specifically for file and print sharing in local area networks (LANs). IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) is a network layer protocol that facilitates communication between devices on the same network segment, while SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange) operates at the transport layer, ensuring reliable communication through connection-oriented services.

Novell NetWare, which was dominant in network environments during the 1980s and 1990s, relied heavily on IPX/SPX for its client-server communication architecture. This protocol suite was not only optimized for performance in the local network environments typical of NetWare but also provided features that aligned well with the needs of users accessing shared resources.

In contrast, TCP/IP, while a widely adopted networking protocol stack, became prevalent in systems designed to interact with the internet and modern networking but was not the primary protocol for Novell NetWare. Appletalk was a protocol used primarily in Apple environments, and HTTP is an application layer protocol primarily for transferring hypertext over the web, making them unsuitable for the core networking functions of Novell NetWare. Therefore, IPX/SPX stands out as the correct answer